Tests will show increased levels of ethylene glycol, blood chemical disturbances, and possible signs of kidney failure and muscle or liver damage. Most people with ethylene glycol poisoning need to be admitted to a hospital, often to the intensive care unit ICU for close monitoring.
A breathing machine respirator may be needed. Those who recently within 30 to 60 minutes of presentation to the emergency department swallowed the ethylene glycol may have their stomach pumped suctioned. This can help remove some of the poison. In severe cases, dialysis kidney machine may be used to directly remove the ethylene glycol and other poisonous substances from the blood.
Dialysis reduces the time needed for the body to remove the toxins. Dialysis is also needed by people who develop severe kidney failure as a result of poisoning. It may be needed for many months and possibly years, afterward.
How well a person does depends on how quickly treatment is received, the amount swallowed, the organs affected, and other factors. When treatment is delayed, this type of poisoning can be deadly. Aronson JK. In: Aronson JK, ed. Meyler's Side Effects of Drugs.
Waltham, MA: Elsevier; The manufacture of ink for ballpoint pens and other inks. Ethylene glycol helps increase ink viscosity and makes it less likely to evaporate. Heat transfer fluids such as industrial coolants for gas compressors, heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning systems and ice skating rinks.
Ethylene glycol gives industrial coolants properties that help them flow through cooling systems while withstanding extreme hot and cold temperatures. Back to Top. Safety Information A person could be exposed to ethylene glycol through skin contact when using automobile antifreeze. Answering Questions What is ethylene glycol poisoning? What are the differences between ethylene glycol and propylene glycol?
This injury is caused by the metabolites, glycolic and oxalic acid and their respective salts, through crystal formation and possibly other mechanisms. Toxic metabolites of ethylene glycol can damage the brain, liver, kidneys, and lungs. The poisoning causes disturbances in the metabolism pathways, including metabolic acidosis.
Agricultural: If ethylene glycol releases as a liquid spray aerosol or mist, it may pollute agricultural products.
If ethylene glycol releases as a vapor, it is unlikely to pollute agricultural products. Breathing ethylene glycol vapors may irritate eyes and lungs but is unlikely to cause systemic toxicity. Ethylene glycol does not absorb well through the skin so systemic toxicity is unlikely.
Eye exposure may lead to local adverse health effects but is unlikely to result in systemic toxicity. Personal Protective Equipment. Responders should wear these when entering an area with an unknown contaminant or when entering an area where the amount of the contaminant is unknown. Level A protection is necessary until monitoring results confirm the contaminant and the amount of the contaminant.
NOTE: Safe use of protective clothing and equipment requires specific skills from training and experience. Chemical-resistant gloves outer. Chemical-resistant gloves inner. Chemical-resistant boots with a steel toe and shank. It includes a non-encapsulating, splash-protective, chemical-resistant splash suit that provides Level A protection against liquids but is not airtight. A hooded chemical-resistant suit that protects against CBRN agents.
Optional items: Coveralls, long underwear, a hard hat worn under the chemical-resistant suit, and chemical-resistant disposable boot-covers worn over the chemical-resistant suit.
Optional items: Escape mask, face shield, coveralls, long underwear, a hard hat worn under the chemical-resistant suit, and chemical-resistant disposable boot-covers worn over the chemical-resistant suit. Select when the amount is below the appropriate occupational exposure limit or less than AEGL-1 for the stated duration times. Limited to coveralls or other work clothes, boots, and gloves. Emergency Response.
Upper explosive flammable limit in air UEL : Extinguish fires using an agent suitable for the type of surrounding fire. Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources. Also consider initial evacuation for 0. Immediately isolate an ethylene glycol spill or leak area for at least ft m in all directions.
Hazardous amounts may develop quickly in enclosed, poorly ventilated, or low-lying areas. Keep out of these areas and upwind. Ethylene glycol toxicity is categorized into three broad overlapping stages of adverse health effects.
Stage 1 the neurological stage lasts from 30 minutes to 12 hours after ingestion. Stage 2 the cardiopulmonary stage occurs between 12 and 24 hours after ingestion. Stage 3 the renal stage occurs between 24 and 72 hours after ingestion. The co-ingestion of alcohol can significantly delay adverse health effects. Initial adverse health effects caused by ethylene glycol intoxication include: central nervous system depression, intoxication, euphoria, stupor, and respiratory depression.
Nausea and vomiting may occur as a result of gastrointestinal irritation. Severe toxicity may result in coma, loss of reflexes, seizures uncommon , and irritation of the tissues lining the brain.
Exposure to liquid ethylene glycol may result in swelling of the eyelid and cornea, swelling of the conjunctiva and iris, and conjunctival or corneal injury. Mild to moderate, Stage 2: Increased heart rate tachycardia ; abnormal or disordered heart rhythms dysrhythmia ; increased blood pressure hypertension ; and build-up of toxic breakdown products in the blood stream metabolic acidosis , resulting in increased rate and depth of breathing hyperventilation.
Mild to moderate, Stage 3: Effects are unusual following a mild to moderate exposure.
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